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            <gco:CharacterString>Profil environnemental de Basse-normandie : la biodiversit&#233;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Le terme &#171; biodiversit&#233; &#187; est la contraction de l'expression &#171; diversit&#233; biologique &#187;.Invent&#233; en 1985, il exprime la diversit&#233; des organismes vivants, ainsi que la fa&#231;on dont ils &#233;voluent dans le temps et l'espace.
La biodiversit&#233; int&#232;gre la diversit&#233; des g&#232;nes (ex : race, vari&#233;t&#233; domestique...), des esp&#232;ces (ex : Homo sapiens, Felis catus...) et des &#233;cosyst&#232;mes (ex : bocages, for&#234;ts, estuaires...). Elle recouvre &#233;galement, d'une part, les interactions qui existent entre les diff&#233;rents &#234;tres vivants et, d'autre part, les interactions entre ces organismes et leur milieu de vie.
Aujourd'hui, les enjeux consid&#233;rables de la biodiversit&#233; sont mieux identifi&#233;s. La Convention sur la diversit&#233; biologique, &#233;labor&#233;e lors du Sommet de la Terre de Rio de Janeiro en 1992, impose aux &#233;tats signataires (193 &#224; ce jour) l'objectif de faire de la protection du vivant une priorit&#233; internationale.
Cet ouvrage a &#233;t&#233; r&#233;alis&#233; en DREAL Basse-Normandie avant la fusion des r&#233;gions.
L'homme est partie int&#233;grante de la biodiversit&#233;. Il en retire d'inestimables services : nourriture, fertilit&#233; des sols, &#233;puration de l'air et des eaux, maintien de ses propres capacit&#233;s physiologiques...
Actuellement, 1 750 000 esp&#232;ces vivantes sont r&#233;pertori&#233;es dans le monde. Les experts internationaux consid&#232;rent qu'il en existe encore &#233;norm&#233;ment &#224; d&#233;couvrir, entre 7 et 10 millions, notamment chez les invert&#233;br&#233;s. En France m&#233;tropolitaine, environ 50 000 sont identifi&#233;es et, pour la Basse-Normandie, on dispose d'environ 6 000 &#224; 10 000 esp&#232;ces d&#233;crites (pour une estimation de 10 000 &#224; 25 000 pr&#233;sentes).
Depuis plusieurs mill&#233;naires, les activit&#233;s humaines ont modifi&#233; de fa&#231;on radicale cette biodiversit&#233;. Les espaces naturels ont r&#233;gress&#233; et certaines esp&#232;ces ont vu leurs populations dispara&#238;tre ou diminuer. La domestication d'esp&#232;ces et la standardisation des cultures ont organis&#233; l'espace et impact&#233; les milieux.
Certains ont &#233;t&#233; modifi&#233;s, d'autres ont &#233;t&#233; maintenus en &#233;tat d'&#233;quilibre. Il en est ainsi des bocages et de quelques grandes zones humides, des coteaux calcaires ou bien encore de certaines grandes landes.
Aujourd'hui, certains de ces espaces, consid&#233;r&#233;s comme ingrats et peu productifs, sont menac&#233;s par l'abandon, ce qui constitue &#233;galement un risque pour le maintien de leurs richesses naturelles.</gco:CharacterString>
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